What are the characteristics of the glass door of the refrigerator
Isotropic
The molecular arrangement of glass is irregular, and its molecules have computational uniformity in space. Ideally, the physical and chemical properties of homogeneous glass (such as refractive index, hardness, modulus of elasticity, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, etc.) are the same in all directions.
no fixed melting point
Because glass is an amorphous mixture, it has no fixed boiling point.
The change of glass from solid to liquid is carried out in a certain temperature range (ie softening temperature range), which is different from crystal materials and has no fixed melting point. The softening temperature range is TG-T1, TG is the modification temperature, T1 is the liquidus temperature, and the corresponding viscosities are 1013.4 DPA·s and 104-6dpa·s respectively.
Metastability
Glassy materials are generally obtained by rapidly cooling the melt.
When it changes from a molten state to a glassy state, the viscosity increases dramatically during cooling, the particles do not have time to arrange themselves regularly to form crystals, and the latent heat of crystallization is not released. Therefore, the glassy state material has higher internal energy than the crystalline state, and its energy is between the molten state and the crystalline state, which belongs to the metastable state. From a mechanical point of view, glass is an unstable high-energy state, for example, there is a tendency to modify a low-energy state, ie, there is a tendency to crystallize.
Therefore, glass is a metastable solid material.
gradient reversibility
The process of glassy material from molten state to solid state is gradual, and the change of its physical and chemical properties is also continuous and gradual. This is clearly different from the crystallization process of the melt.
New phases will appear during crystallization, and many properties will suddenly change around the crystallization temperature point. The glassy material from the molten state to the solid state is completed in a wide temperature range. As the temperature is gradually lowered, the viscosity of the glass melt gradually increases, and then a solid glass is formed, but no new phases are formed in the process.
In contrast, the process of heating and melting glass is also gradual.